| Medications &
Substances Causing False Positives |
According to a report by the Los Angeles Times New Service, a study of 161
prescription and over the counter medications showed that 65 of them
produced false positive results in the most widely administered urine
test. Ronald Siegel, a psychopharmacologist at UCLA said 'The widespread
testing and reliance on tell-tale traces of drugs in the urine is simply a
panic reaction invoked because the normal techniques for controlling drug
use haven't worked very well. The next epidemic will be testing abuse."
Byrd Labs has in its possession an internal document from the Syva
Company, makers of the widely used EMIT test. This document, leaked by a
disillusioned company employee, lists more than 250 over-the-counter
medications and prescription drugs that can cause false positives.
Substances that cause False
Positive Drug Test Results
THC - Substances or Conditions which can cause false positives
Dronabinol (Marinol)
Ibuprofen; (Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Excedrin IB etc)
Ketoprofen (Orudis KT)
Kidney infection (Kidney disease, diabetes) Liver Disease
Naproxen (Aleve)
Promethazine (Phenergan, Promethegan)
Riboflavin (B2, Hempseed Oil)
Amphetamines - Substances or Conditions which can cause false positives
Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, propylephedrine, phenylephrine, or
desoxyephedrine
(Nyquil, Contact, Sudafed, Allerest, Tavist-D, Dimetapp, etc)
Phenegan-D, Robitussin Cold and Flu, Vicks Nyquil
Over-the-counter diet aids with phenylpropanolamine (Dexatrim, Accutrim)
Over-the-counter nasal sprays (Vicks inhaler, Afrin)
Asthma medications (Marax, Bronkaid tablets, Primatine Tablets)
Prescription medications (Amfepramone, Cathne, Etafediabe,
Morazone,phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, benzphetamine, fenfluramine,
dexfenfluramine,dexdenfluramine,Redux, mephentermine, Mesocarb,
methoxyphenamine, phentermine,amineptine, Pholedrine,
hydroymethamphetamine, Dexedrine, amifepramone, clobenzorex,fenproyorex,
mefenorex, fenelylline, Didrex, dextroamphetamine, methphenidate,
Ritalin,pemoline, Cylert, selegiline, Deprenyl, Eldepryl, Famprofazone)
Kidney infection, kidney disease, Liver disease, diabetes
Opiates - Substances or Conditions which can cause false positives
Poppy Seeds
Tylenol with codeine
Most prescription pain medications
Cough suppressants with Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Nyquil
Kidney infection, Kidney Disease
Diabetes, Liver Disease
Ecstacy - Substances or Conditions which can cause false positives
Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, propylephedrine, phenylephrine, or
desoxyephedrine
(Nyquil, Contact, Sudafed, Allerest, Tavist-D, Dimetapp, etc)
Phenegan-D, Robitussin Cold and Flu, Vicks Nyquil
Over-the-counter diet aids with phenylpropanolamine (Dexatrim, Accutrim)
Over-the-counter nasal sprays (Vicks inhaler, Afrin)
Asthma medications (Marax, Bronkaid tablets, Primatine Tablets)
Prescription medications (Amfepramone, Cathne, Etafediabe,
Morazone,phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, benzphetamine, fenfluramine,
dexfenfluramine, dexdenfluramine,Redux, mephentermine, Mesocarb,
methoxyphenamine, phentermine, amineptine, Pholedrine,
hydroymethamphetamine, Dexedrine, amifepramone, clobenzorex, fenproyorex,
mefenorex, fenelylline, Didrex, dextroamphetamine, methphenidate, Ritalin,
pemoline, Cylert, selegiline, Deprenyl, Eldepryl, Famprofazone) Kidney
infection, kidney disease
Liver disease, diabetes
Cocaine - Substances or Conditions which can cause false positives
Kidney infection (kidney disease)
Liver infection (liver disease)
Diabetes
Amoxicillin, tonic water
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Among the items reported as causing false positive test results are:
Pain relievers such as Advil, Nuprin, Motrin and menstrual cramp
medications like Midol and Trendar. All drugs containing the widely used
pain reliever Ibuprofen are known to cause positive samples for Marijuana.
Non-steroidal anti inflammatories such as Naproxyn have cross reacted in
blind tests. These are often prescribed for runners, sports injuries to
joints, and those suffering from arthritis.
Syva labs has recently reworked its Cannabinoid test and claims to have
eliminated this problem. But a Science magazine article (July 8, 1988)
lists Ibuprofen as cross reactive. Under the new government guidelines THC
testing levels will be reduced to 50 nanograms. Many more THC false
positives can be expected in 1994.
Dristan Nasal Spray, Neosynephren, Vicks Nasal Spray, Sudafed, etc. and
others containing ephedrine or pnenypropanolamine. Over the counter
appetite suppressants which contain propanolamine. Most common nasal
decongestants can cause a positive reading for Amphetamines. As the cross
reactive list suggests at the back of this booklet, amphetamine false
positives are the most common. Recent articles in the Journal of Clinical
Chemistry ,Vol. 38 No.12 1992 and Vol. 39 No.3 1993 warn that medications
containing chloropromazine, fluspirilene, and others may yield a positive
when tested for amphetamines.
Vicks Formula 44M containing Dextromethorphan, and Primatene-M containing
perylamine as well as the pain reliever Demerol, and prescription
anti-depressant Elavil test positive for opiates up to three days. Even
Quinine water can also cause a positive reading for opiates.
Poppy Seeds such as the ones on a bagel from your favorite deli, etc. The
journal of Clinical Chemistry Vol.33 No.6, 1987 reports: "the quantities
of poppy seed ingested in this study (25 and 40 g) may be expected to be
contained in one or two servings of poppy seed cake. Therefore, poppy
seeds represent a potentially serious source of falsely positive results
in testing opiate abuse." Clinical Chemistry goes on to conclude: Not only
is it difficult to distinguish heroin or morphine abuse from codeine, but
dietary poppy seeds can give a strong positive result for urinary opiate
of several days duration that is confirmed by GC/MS analysis".
Nyquil Nighttime Cold Medicine will test positive for Methadone up to two
days.
Antibiotics. Certain newly developed antibiotics have cause positive
samples urine tests. Ampicillin is suspect. Amoxicillin has caused
positives for cocaine.
Diazepam tests positive for PCP as well as the ingredient in some cough
medicines, Dextromethorophan.
Your own enzymes. A small fraction of the population excrete large amounts
of certain enzymes in their urine which can produce a positive drug test.
Dr. John Morgan of the Dept. of Pharmacology of New York City University
writes: "A false positive test could occur in some individuals because
they excrete unusually large amounts of endogenons lysozyme or malate
dehydrogenase." Dr. Morgan judges that natural enzyme interference may run
as high as 10% of positive samples.
Black Skin. This is not a joke! Those of African origin, certain
Orientals, or pacific Islanders might test positive for marijuana. Dr.
James Woodford, a toxicologist associated with Emory University labs
hypothesized the pigment melanin which protects the skin from the sun,
approximates the molecular structure of the THC metabolite to cross react
on the marijuana urine test. Dark skinned Caucasians such as those from
the subcontinent of India could also read positive on marijuana tests. The
body eliminates some melanin in a dark person's urine sample.
Passive marijuana inhalation. If you attend a rock concert or ride in a
car where marijuana is smoked nearby, even if you do not partake, the
second hand marijuana that you might inhale may give your test a positive
result for several days.
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